Venetian Masks, History of the Plague doctor Mask

The Plague Doctor

After 1350 the culture in Europe had drastically changed to one of bleak morbidity. Art represented this pessimism with representations of death. This darkness was brought about by the prevalence of the black Plague. Nobody knew how to contain or prevent the onslaught of the Black Death and many of the supposed preventions/cures caused more problems. When habitancy believed that cats were in league with the devil, this led to cats being killed en masse. If this prejudice had not existed the rodent habitancy would have been kept down by the cats, lessening the spread of plague infested fleas from host to host i.e. Rats.

Mask

It was while this backdrop that the Medico Della Peste (Plague Doctor) came into play. Many believe The plague doctor was created by the noted French doctor Charles Le Lorme who adopted the mask and costume while treating plague victims. The costume consisted of:

· A wide brimmed hat worn close to the head which identified to habitancy that you were a doctor,much the same as nowadays hats recognize distinct professions e.g.: soldiers, police etc. By the time the plague had taken affirm grip many of the doctors had fled leaving just volunteers to help. The wide brim may also have been used as partial shielding from infection.

· A primitive gas mask in the shape of a bird's beak. It was coarse belief that the plague was spread by "bad air" and that the plague doctor mask would draw the plague away from the victim and onto the garment the plague doctor wore. The mask also included red glass eyepieces which protected the wearer from the evil of the plague. The beak was often filled with aromatic herbs to disguise the smell of unburied corpses, sputum and ruptured bouboules on the victims. The herbs also acted to overpower the "bad air" they thought carried the plague.

· A wooden cane, was used both to direct house members to move the sick person or seek a body without directly touching them.

· A long black overcoat was worn tucked into the beak mask at the neckline to minimise skin exposure, it fell right down to the foot. The coat was then covered in suet or wax which they thought could draw away the plague from the victim's skin, trapping it in the suet or repelling it with the wax.

Although at the time habitancy did not know what caused the plague, they still new that coming into taste with the victims increased the risk of contracting the disease.

It is not known how widespread plague doctors were, or how sufficient their treatment of the disease was, but it is likely that, although contribution safety to the wearer, they nothing else but contributed to the spreading of the disease by unknowingly acting as a carrier for infected fleas to move from host to host.

Venetian Masks, History of the Plague doctor Mask